In this guide, you will learn the basics of how to read Standard Notation. Standard Notation is the formal way of writing music for many different instruments.
In almost all sheet music books you can buy for guitar, Standard Notation will be used. Many guitar books will also include Guitar TAB alongside Standard Notation.
Note:this is a long guide to cover everything you would want to know when learning how to read standard notation for guitar.
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By the end of this guide, you will know enough to read sheet music for guitar and be able to slowly work out how to play it.
It will take practice to be able to read sheet music for guitar, but this guide will explain everything you need to know to get started.
The position of these bar lines depends on how many notes are in the bar and the time signature (covered later). Every bar lasts the same length of time unless a time signature tells you otherwise.
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At the far left of the staff, a symbol called a clef is used to tell you what type of staff this will be.
There are three types of clef symbols you may see used in music as shown below: G Clef (Treble), F Clef (Bass), and C Clef (moveable).
The end of the little curve is positioned close to the second line, which means that this line represents the note G.
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The bottom line is E, the second line is G, the third line is B, the fourth line is D, and the fifth line is F.
The space below the bottom line is D, the bottom space is F, the second space is A, the third space is C, the fourth space is E, and the space above the top line is G.
Obviously we can play a lot more than eleven notes on a guitar. To solve this problem, we use different symbols to extend the staff to cover the entire range of the fretboard.
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The lowest note shown above is D below the bottom line. What if we wanted to play a note lower than this?
One way we can do it is withledger lines. A ledger line is a short line you add to the staff to extend it above or below the five lines.
The very first note is on a ledger line below the staff. We know that the lowest space below the staff is D, so the next note down from D is C.
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The very first note is on a ledger line above the staff. We know that the highest space above the staff is G, so the next note up from G is A.
We can extend ledger lines as far as we have space, but it can become hard to read when a lot of ledger lines are used.
If we need to play very low or high notes on the guitar, instead of using ledger lines, we can use a symbol to ‘shift’ the staff up or down an octave.
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If a note is really high up the fretboard, you might see 15ma used. This is the symbol for two octaves above.
Here are the same four notes as before with 15ma. These are the same notes, but they’re written lower down on the staff. This is very handy when reading music really high up on the fretboard.
What about really low notes? While a standard tuned guitar won’t need anything further than 8vb to show all of the notes, some guitarists tune down (eg: drop tunings or extended range guitars).
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Instead of using a different symbol, you’re more likely to see the bass clef used. Notes on the bass clef are positioned differently than the Treble clef, so keep this in mind if you see the bass clef.
Note: if this information feels overwhelming, don’t stress. Continue reading to learn how to match the notes on the staff to notes on the guitar and focus your practice there.
Now that you know how to read the basic staff and the note positions on the staff, let’s look at how to find those notes on the guitar fretboard.
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Ledger lines are used for the lower strings E and A, so you’re likely to see a lot of 8vb used when playing low riffs.
The high E string matches the top space on the staff. This means that every note on the E string is above the staff, so you can expect to see a lot of ledger lines or 8va for high licks and solos.
Here is an example of the C Major scale played from the low open E string all the way to the high E string:
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I’ve included Guitar TAB below the Standard Notation so you can use it to help you learn the note positions. Just remember that everything lines up vertically, so each Guitar TAB number matches the note above it.
If you don’t already know the notes on the fretboard, read this Guide to Memorizing the Fretboard. Memorizing the notes on the fretboard will speed up your learning and help you read music faster.
One important thing to understand about sheet music for guitar is that the notes on the staff and the notes you hear on your guitar aren’t exactly the same.
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What this means is that if a piano plays the note middle C and you play what looks like middle C on your guitar, you will notice that your guitar sounds an octave lower than the piano.
The technical reason for this is because the guitar is a transposing instrument. The note you hear sounds an octave lower than written.
This doesn’t affect the way you read music, but if you share sheet music with musicians who play other instruments, you will notice a difference in what they play with your sheet music.
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Asharp symbol (looks like a #) means to play the note one semitone higher. One semitone on guitar is one fret distance.
So to play the second fret on the high E string, we use a sharp symbol to the left of the note F to say we want to play a note one semitone higher than F:
So instead of calling the second fret note F sharp, we can call it G flat because it is one semitone lower than G.
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Whenever you see a note with a flat symbol next to it, just think to yourself that you need to shift down one fret to play it.
You may notice that the note G suddenly shows a new symbol, this is called a natural symbol and is explained later.
In Standard Notation, you don’t write the sharp symbol four times in a row. Instead, you write the symbol the first time and it is assumed that the same note is played on the next three repetitions.
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In the above example, it may look like you need to play C# followed by three C notes, but it is actually four C# notes. The sharp symbol continues until the end of the bar.
If you want to continue to play C# in the next bar, you will see the sharp symbol appear the first time C# is played again in the second bar.
In the above example, you can see that there are eight C# notes. Four in the first bar and four in the second bar. The sharp symbol is only shown once per bar at the first C#. The second time you see a C note, it means to continue to play it as C#.
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Everything covered above also applies to flat notes. If you want to repeat a flat note, you don’t need to write the symbol again if it is in the same bar.
The natural symbol tells us to cancel the sharp or flat symbol that was used before it and play the note natural (eg: play F instead of F#).
If the above example looks confusing, just take it one note at a time from left to right. If there is no symbol next to the note, take a look at the previous note to figure out what it should be.
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The natural symbol isn’t used in the very first note of the bar because the bar doesn’t start with a sharp symbol (something that can happen as explained later during the section on key signatures).
So far, you have learned how to read the notes on the staff and how to find those notes on the fretboard.
Rhythm notation is the symbols used to tell us how long to play each note. Rhythm notation is so important that even modern Guitar TAB uses it.
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Note:there are two names for every type of note – an American name and a British name. It doesn’t matter where you live, I recommend learning both names so you can understand all musicians.
If you see a note that looks like a whole note but has a stem (vertical line) attached to it, this is called ahalf note (American) or minim (British).
A half note lasts for two beats. The stem can either point up or down to make the sheet music look easier to read (eg: high notes will have the stem point down and low notes will
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