Image: A painting of a girl with long red dreadlocks and sparkly green eyes. She has a black cross over her left ear, and red lips. She wears a red T-shirt with a black stencil of a face on it. She is holding a guitar. To her right is large text: ‘GarageBand Songwriting for Deaf and HOH, http://www.asphyxia.com.au ‘ In the background is a blue textured wall with grungy black dots, piano keys and music notes.
In this course, I will show you how to create music for a song as if it is being played by a 4 piece band. This combination is common and used for songs in almost any genre. It typically has a singer, someone playing a harmony (this could be electric or acoustic guitar, or a piano, or an electric keyboard), someone playing the bass line (which might be a double bass or a bass guitar), and the drums (which are usually played on a drum kit).
We’re going to create a version of Happy Birthday as if it were played by a 4 piece band. We have already created the melody, which could later be replaced by a recording made by a singer who sings the words of Happy Birthday. For now, we are using a grand piano for the melody instead. You could also use an acoustic or electric guitar if you prefer. Many famous pieces of music use instruments instead of a singer for the melody. A piece of music without vocals (without a singer) is known as an ‘instrumental’. Right now we are creating an instrumental version of Happy Birthday.
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The instruments added to the melody form the ‘backing’ for the song. With a 4 piece band, the backing would consist of a harmony, a bass line and the drums. Drums keep the beat. I will be covering this later. For this lesson, we will focus on the bass line and the harmony. First, let’s learn the difference between a bass guitar and a standard electric guitar, because they look quite similar.
A double bass is also known as an ‘upright bass’, because it is played in that position. The bass sits on the floor and the musician stands or sits behind it, playing the strings with a bow. An electric bass is held sideways like a guitar. Electric bass guitars are more common because they’re cheaper, less easy to damage, and not so big and difficult to transport.
If you picture a singer with a guitar, they sing the melody with their voice, and the guitar is used to play a harmony.
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You might have seen a person play the piano with two hands. Most of the time, the right hand plays the melody, which is what we have just created for Happy Birthday. The left hand plays the harmony, deeper sounds that make the music feel more full. A simple harmony could be created by copying the melody and pasting it one octave lower. Both played together will make a richer, fuller sound.
Aqua section shows notes typically played with right hand for the melody, and orange section shows notes that are typically played with the left hand for the harmony.
On a score, the notes on the treble clef staves are played with the right hand, and the notes on the bass clef staves are usually played with the left hand. The image below shows the left hand and right hand notes to play for Happy Birthday, and the harmony has been created by copying the melody and playing it one octave lower.
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If we know how, we can use the harmony and bass line to highlight different parts of the melody and fill out the song.
If you would like to hear how this simple harmony sounds, you can copy the melody Happy Birthday melody you made in the previous lesson and paste it, then drag the pasted version down one octave lower. Alternatively, you can download the MIDI file for Happy Birthday here.
Locate where you saved the Happy Birthday MIDI download and it will open automatically. Or if GarageBand is already running, you can open the MIDI directly from the ‘File’ menu at the top.
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You can now ‘solo’ the melody track, by clicking on the headphones symbol to the left of the track. Press play and listen to how the melody sounds by itself. Then click the headphones symbol on the Harmony track (so both the melody and harmony are soloed together). When you play the melody and harmony tracks together, you will hear a much deeper, fuller sound. This is how the simple harmony sounds.
Any other instruments, this is called ‘a capella.’ A capella could be more than one singer, singing the same melody OR in harmony – main thing is that there are
It used to be that my favourite songs were a capella – those that friends or family members would sing to me. I found them so much clearer and easier to hear than songs with instruments. Now that I have learned to write harmonies and bass lines that suit my deafness, to my surprise I find I prefer songs
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In the diagram below, you can see a C chord on the C major scale. Remember that the C major scale consists
No black keys. The notes of the C major scale are numbered in yellow, and the piano keys for the chord are highlighted in blue. Notice how we skip every second white note on the piano?
For a song in the key of C major, the first note of the scale is C, and this is the same for a C chord. In the diagram above, C is numbered ‘1’ in red. The ‘1’ is called the ‘root’ of the chord, and also often called the ‘tonic.’ Chords are typically built from the first note, third note and fifth note, also known as the 1, 3 and 5, when you count from the root of the chord. Once you know the root, you can count from there to work out what the third note and fifth note are. In C major, a C chord consists of C E G. You can see above that the 1 corresponds with the C, the 3 corresponds with the E and the G corresponds with the 5.
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If you select all the notes of the C chord and drag them up two semitones so that the root is now a D, you can create a D chord:
However, now we have one note that is not part of the C major scale! See the centre note, F, has moved to F#, which is not part of the C major scale. To fix this, we need to move that F# down one semitone, to F:
From the first note of the chord (the red numbers). In the above example you can see that the 1, 3 and 5 notes of a D chord are D, F and A.
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An F chord would be F A C, where F corresponds with the 1, A corresponds with the 3, and then for C is 5. Notice that we have now reached the top of the C major scale.
In the diagram below, the C at the bottom of the scale is called ‘1’ and the C at the top is called ‘8’ – this is so we know that the C at the top sounds one octave higher. If we play these two C’s together we will get the same sound as the simple harmony we listened to earlier. Even though we have reached the top of the scale, we haven’t run out of notes, we just start over again for the next octave. We will need to count into the next octave of the scale to make the chords on G, A and B.
Can you work out what the notes of a G chord would be? (See the bottom of this page for the answer).
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There are 2 main ways to use chords. The 1, 3 and 5 of the chord might be played all at the same time, stacked up like in the above diagrams. On a score, a stack looks like this:
Because I find that playing a lot of notes at the same time makes an unpleasant white-noise-like sound, I prefer to play the notes of a chord individually, rather than all at once. Whichever you choose, you don’t always have to play all the notes of a chord. For example, you could play only the 1 and 5 together, or the 3 and 5 together. The simplest harmony is created by playing only the first note of the chord, the root, to go with a melody.
During this lesson, we will be creating multiple different bass lines and harmonies for Happy Birthday. You have two options for doing this. You can enter the notes yourself, or you can download the Happy Birthday in F Major midi file and refer to that. If you are new to GarageBand, I strongly encourage you to enter the notes yourself, as this practise will help you become faster
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